I think there is some natural ability that is indeed born in but it needs to be trained in the vast majority of people.
Designers now seem to be barely taught how to do things. When I went to college back in the mid 1970s, it was a different world, no computers, typesetting was difficult. But the ability to make a piece look good and easy to read is both learned and somewhat intuitive. Once you know theory and practical application, designers know how to do things. Now, mechanically speaking, of how to properly prepare a file for print in any form, that is not taught today, at least to my experience.
A lot of it comes from the mindset that "I've got a computer, I've got software and some fonts, therefore, I must be a designer." Now, just because I have a bunch of tools to work on a car, does that make me a mechanic? Of course not. Do I know without any training how to take apart a motor? No. Do I want to? No. When it comes to professional work, that is who I hire.
College today does not teach graphic arts, and the mechanical requirements. They let you do stuff in Photoshop and maybe touch on Illustrator, but the instructors do not have the mechanical understanding of how it works in real life. I'll give you a prime example from some years back. I worked at a media place as their art manager. I'm the one who brought the computers into the art department and I learn and study myself how to do things. Then my job got eliminated (political situation). I went and did freelance work. I had to learn even more about file prep, as we were now on the edge of outputting files direct to film, to burn printing plates. I got very good at troubleshooting stuff, and did consulting work for several print and sign shops.
A few years after I was gone from my job, they hired a new designer. The place normally put up notice about new hires on the bulletin board with some background. One of my friends who was still there told me about this designer and all the glowing background on how he was sooooo experienced in print. About 6 months later, I was in the print shop that I had a close relationship with and they were laughing about a job this guy sent in. He knew just so much and had provided the negatives to the shop. They dutifully made a proof to let him approve it before printing 10,000 of them.
On seeing the proof, he just about went ballistic, their logo was nowhere to be seen. He was busy blaming them until they pulled the film out on the light table, no logo. The so-called great print experience guy had forgotten to link it back, and set it to print.
Now, the point of that story is, this is the same person that was moonlighting teaching this stuff at community college. This was not the only occasion I heard of mistakes with him either, low res photoshop logos, stuff without proper bleeds, etc. etc. And this is what was teaching a next generation of designers?
I think for the most part, they simply say to the students, "don't worry about that, they can fix it in post production (or pre-press)" Same way with photographers.
They simply do not understand the process. I had a couple of interns over time, I drilled it into them about properly produced files and how it saves them time and money. It only stuck with one.
With the same printshop, I went with them to meet with a large local ad agency. The agency kept on sending stuff that simply did not work, I was having to go in and fix things to keep the film coming out and presses running. The owner said no more, go explain what you need and why. We did explain to them how it would save them time and more importantly money, and instead of us sending stuff back to them, it would simply go to proof. The head guy said, in essence, he did not care, they were going to continue doing it their way. I guess the final word on that was, they lost their biggest client and closed about two years later. Was it because of the increased costs of not doing things right? Who knows.
I get stuff in almost daily that astounds me.
Ken