Question…….should I leave everything connected or disconnect everything & just apply power to the board?
You need to check the voltages while the machine is powered on, such that the relevant LEDs I show in that photo are lit. If the LEDs aren't lit, then you know that power rail is off and that's already a problem.
The multimeter needs to be in DC voltage mode, and you need to have the positive test lead inserted into the voltage banana jack on the multimeter, not the current banana jack.
The top area of that electrical cabinet should all be +24VDC at most and relatively safe to touch/probe, but still use caution!