Did you ever find a solution? I’m going through the exact same situation! I have tried 4 heads now. Changed everything, checked fuses, etc etc. My husband is a master electrician and electronics technician who routinely works on more complicated things and he’s frustrated.
The oddest thing is that the old head that had drop outs so I was replacing it - does work when I put it back in! Yes, head ranks changed each time. It’s head 1 (black/cyan) and an SP300v.
Curious if you figured it out.
There are a few common things to check. Assuming your dampers are fine, and when you do a powerful clean then you are getting black ink coming through? If so you know the head isn't clogged. The old head may print because it still has some ink in it, you need to ascertain if the new head is actually getting ink into it, so doing the power clean will confirm this
If the old head is working when you refit it then it could be a cable problem and changing the head moved the cable enough to make a good connection again. It could be a fault with the print carriage board ( the one that the head cables connect to )
Also try new cables again. I have fitted brand new cables before and had them not work!
Head rank wouldnt stop it working, so that isn't critical.
I would then put the new head back in and try a cable swap from the yellow/magenta head. Plug in the cables that should go it into the black/cyan head, and the cables from the black/cyan head into the yellow/magenta one. Make sure you turn off the printer and unplug the power lead, then leave 15 mins to be completely dead before doing this otherwise you can cause more problems !
Do a test print, and if the black head fires, then you know the head is working ok and getting ink. The printer now thinks it is the yellow head, so is sending the yellow/magenta signal to it.
If the yellow head fires as well then you know that the signal that controls the black head normally is getting from the main board to the head ok.
Really you need to test the signal path for the head. It goes from the main board via the main printer ribbon cables to the printer carriage board, then from there to the head itself. Doing the cable swap will let you know for certain if the black head is working, and if a black/cyan print command is being sent from the mainboard
Try these first and let me know how you get on