Obviously the techniques to break up artifacts are dependent on the print technology you are using.
We print dye sub, so there are specific areas we target due to known issues.
Note about the schmutz layer...I use a blank layer and do a noise filter with Gaussian blur. (only 1 or 2%)
It's important that you use monochromatic, or you will get multicolored speckles.
It can make your image a little coarse, and may preview a little odd on screen but it really beats ugly jpeg compression and the output may surprise you.
Works well with long gradients as OK signs mentioned.
The newest PS has the option to work on your image with the raw camera toolset.
There are some awesome noise and luminance smoothing tools in it, but must work in RGB.
We've found that even clean indesign exports generate unneeded nested clipping masks, and other extraneous BS we avoid putting through our rip.
You overshoot so your noise shrinks with the pixels, that's why just straight upsampling doesn't work, the artifacts grow with the pixels.
I have found forums like these to be essential in streamlining my workflow, but it helps to work with experienced and talented techs!