I'd like to know what is factually wrong, just so I can be correct going forward.
Without watching the entire thing again and taking copious notes, here's a few observations in no particular order...
'Raster' is a digital display technology, not a type of image. The type of image to which you refer is popularly called a 'bitmap'. Even that is a misnomer, it should really be called a 'pixel map'.
File types are only coincidentally related to the type of image they might contain. Certainly jpg, gif, tif, etc. virtually always contain bitmaps. Other types do not. Specifically pdf and, in a limited fashion, eps files contain collections of objects. Vector and/or bitmap. There is no standard file type for vector objects. Pdf and eps etc. might contain vector objects. then again, they might not.
Vector images are a collection of Cartesian co-ordinates and curve parameters. color and fill information can also be kept. Strokes/outlines/contours/etc are implicit and just the parameters for such are stored. Saying 'points' is rather an oversimplification.
All logos are not vector objects.
All bitmaps are not captured.
'Fill' and 'Stroke' are provincial terms. Other software, yes Virginia there is other software, use other terms.
While a vector object can be converted to a bitmap, it is impossible to 'convert' a bitmap into a corresponding vector object. Much like unscrambling an egg, the information does not exist do to so. All that can be done is to recreate a vector facsimile of a bitmap. If a bitmap were created from a vector object it is not possible to reproduce the original vector object. You might come close but it's doubtful that you'll hit it exactly.
Unless you're using an analog stroke writer, either as a display [something I haven't seen in 30-40 years] or a pen plotter, all objects, vector and bitmap, are displayed in raster form.
There's more but I'm far too lazy to watch the video again.