Over the past few years there have been a number of changes and updates regarding the reporting rules for the mysterious
1099-Misc Forms. I say "mysterious" because many business owners simply guess as to what the rules are and oftentimes get exasperated and just give up choosing to file nothing at all. This can be a dangerous result as the penalties can add up quickly.
Real life story. I literally had a prior client contact me this past year because they chose to file their 1099s on their own and didn't carefully follow the rules. They inadvertently mailed in the forms and didn't electronically file (see rules below regarding electronic filing).
Result. The IRS hit them with a $17,000 and they haven't been able to show
reasonable cause to get out of the penalty.
First, keep in mind that the "general rule" is that business owners must issue a Form 1099-MISC to each person to whom you have paid at least $600 in rents, services (including parts and materials), prizes and awards or other income payments. You don't need to issue 1099s for payment made for personal purposes. You are required to issue 1099 MISC reports only for payments you made in the course of your trade or business.
The penalties for not doing so can vary from $30 to $100 per form, depending on how long past the deadline the company issues the form. If a business intentionally disregards the requirement to provide a correct payee statement, it is subject to a minimum penalty of $250 per statement, with no maximum. Bottom line, the penalties can add up!
Related: Time to Send Out 1099s: What to Know
Here are the basics you should know.
- Who are you required to send a Form 1099? You are required to send Form 1099 to vendors or sub-contractors during the normal course of business you paid more than $600, and that includes any individual, partnership, Limited Liability Company (LLC), Limited Partnership (LP) or estate.
- Who are considered vendors or sub-contractors? Essentially, this is a person or company you have paid for services that isn't your employee.
- What are the exceptions? The list is fairly lengthy, but the most common is that you don't need to send a 1099 to:
- Vendors operating as S or C-Corporations (you'll find their status out when you get a W-9...see below)
- LLCs or partnerships (ONLY if they are taxed as an S or C-Corp . . . again, see the W-9 below)
- Sellers of merchandise, freight, storage or similar items.
- Payments of rent to or through real estate agents (typically property managers). However, keep in mind you need to issue a 1099 to a landlord you are paying rent, unless they meet another exception.
- Don't worry about credit card payments and PayPal. The IRS allows taxpayers to exclude from Form 1099-MISC any payments you made by credit card, debit card, gift card or third-party payment network such as PayPal. (These payments are being reported by the card issuers and third-party payment networks on Form 1099-K.)
- Lawyers get the short end of the stick. Ironically, the government doesn't trust that lawyers will report all of their income, so even if your lawyer is 'incorporated', you are still required to send them a Form 1099 if you paid them more than $600.
- The W-9 is your best friend. Some of you may be frustrated that you don't have the information you NEED to issue the 1099. One of the smartest procedures a business owner can implement is to request a W-9 from any vendor you expect to pay more than $600 before you pay them. Using this as a normal business practice will give you the vendor's mailing information, Tax ID number and also require them to indicate if they are a corporation or not (saving you the headache of sending them a 1099 next year). You can download a W-9 here.