The industry practice for mounting acrylic letters has historically been stud-mounting.
Mounting with concealed studs completely bypasses the adhesion problem. There is no waiting for glue to dry this way, and any incompatibility between the adhesive and the wall finish becomes a moot point. Stud-mounting is also a superior method when there are dissimilar materials. When, say, an acrylic letter is being mounted to an exterior metal surface
In addition, it's easier to remove a stud-mounted letter for wall repainting later.
Studs can be easily coated with silicone for installing, but I have often installed studded letters with no adhesive at all, making the installation quick and clean. For the occasional loose hole, wrap a little tape around the stud. On soft drywall, I have even installed letters by making the holes with a hammer and awl, except where there is a wood or metal stud. This keeps drilling and dust to a minimum.
There has been great advancement in the formulations for adhesives in the last 20 years. There has been great advancement in paint formulas, too, and that sometimes creates problems.