When you say test print, do you mean nozzle check? Obviously in your second photo, it's clear you have clogged nozzles which is causing your "lawnmower lines" which is actually referred to as banding. If you search for banding, you will find a wealth of knowledge.
Now if your nozzle check is clear and you begin printing and you lose nozzles and it starts banding, it can be a variety of issues. You mentioned dampers and capping station so I will assume this is a solvent printer, likely Roland, mutoh or Mimaki? You need to figure out why you are losing the nozzles. Are you using 3rd party ink? How long is the printer sitting before you try to run the black? What settings are you printing with? My solvent printer runs great almost 100% of the time but my latex machine will begin banding and sometimes lose a an entire head if I run a huge area of the same color, primarily black or magenta. I have found that pushing a lot of ink through the machine at high speed causes ink starvation on my ho l25500 so the solution is the increase the number of passes or usually, I set a pause between passes so that the ink supply has time to maintain its fill of the head. Good luck!
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