We do graphics for a fuel company as well and have been fighting this issue for almost 10 years. We also get ice and snow storms, they use several different unknown cleaning agents and they pressure wash them constantly. It's been extremely hard to put my finger on why this continues to happen but our graphics end up looking similar to yours. We started with calendared because of it's thickness, switched to cast because of it's longer life and flexibility, then to color change wrap material for thickness and longer life and still issues. After our customer threatened Avery Dennison with a lawsuit, they claimed we needed to edge seal all edges for graphics on tankers.
The problem is, their installers do most of the graphic installations and we can't guarantee they'll follow every step correctly. Last winter we provided material, they put it on and put the truck outside. That night we had an ice storm and the graphics literally peeled off from the top down. I was obsoletely certain this was a pressure washing and/or chemical issue happening but now I'm fairly sure that Ice and snow building up on the top edge of the tank and then sliding down is one of the main problems. For us, this always seems to happen during winter months. However, so does the excessive cleaning and pressure washing.
What we've done now is gone to a cast high tack printable oracal material and laminated. It's adhesive is very aggressive and non-air release (which I believe was part of the problem). We also advise to at lease edge seal the top of the lettering with a liquid or tape. It's extra work but after providing material and redoing these tankers 4 to 5 times in the last 5-6 years, you'll do about anything and I've told them clearcoat over it or paint the graphics.
This is where we are at with this issue so far. I hope it gives some insight.